SCIENTIFIC THOUGHTS IN MODERN NAAT

Naat is a genre of poetry, traditionally enriched with the feelings of love and affection for Holy Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H), which has long been a way from a modern sensibility that has been invested in it by Allama Muhammad Iqbal. Iqbal, having sound knowledge of modern theories and scientific discoveries, introduced a new flavour of Naat. His Naatia Verses are a beautiful combination of traditional and nontraditional contents. He was the first poet who described the scientific implications of Mairaaj in many of his poems, verses and couplets.  Under the influence of  Muhammad Iqbal, a new type of  Naat was started being written. Especially during the past four or five decades, poets started describing the greatness of prophethood, the grandeur of being a mankind and the marvellous mysteries of miracles in a way inspired by theories, concepts and ideas based on scientific knowledge. In this article, an effort has been made as to how the essence of this modern age penetrated the contents of modern Naat. Modern Urdu literature, concerning Naat-e-Rasool (P.B.U.H), is a beautiful combination of faithfulness and unprecedented literary values. In this era, the scientific approach and the nobility of the subject matter are the natural beauty of this genera. Now modern Naat is no less than Ghazal or any other genera regarding usage of literary devices and modern sensibility

Comparison of the Postoperative Pain, Septal Perforation and Synechiae Formation following Septoplasty done with Trans Septal Suturing Verus Nasal Packing

Objective: To compare the efficacy of trans-septal suturing with nasal packing following septoplasty in patients with the deviated nasal septum, in terms of frequency of postoperative pain, septal perforation, and synechiae formation. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the ENT department of Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi. Patients were divided into two groups. The total sample size of the study was 280 patients with 1:1 randomization in each group (140 in each group). Consecutive non-probability sampling was used for the recruitment of patients. All the patients underwent a septoplasty. Group A was provided with nasal packing while group B was with trans septal suturing. The study duration was 1 year (21-11-2016 to 21-11-2017). All the patients were followed at 24 hours for measurement of postoperative pain and at 1 and 4 weeks for septal perforation and synechiae formation. Ethical approval was taken from the ethical review board and consent was taken from patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. The Chi-square test was applied for observing the association between different variables.Inclusion Criteria- Patients with deviated nasal septum.- Patients’ ages ranged from 17-35 years.- Patients of both genders were included.Exclusion Criteria- Patients with diabetes mellitus.- Patients with allergic rhinitis.- Patients with coagulopathies, pulmonary and cardiovascular disorders.- Patients taking warfarin, aspirin, or heparin. Results: Among all the patients 280 (100%), there were 123(43.9%) males and 157(56.1%) females. The study found that the mean age of patients was 25.3±11.9. In group A patients 140, 110 patients showed efficacy while 30 patients did not show efficacy during the study time period. Similarly, 124 patients showed efficacy in Group B while 16 patients did not show efficacy. A significant association was found in both groups regarding pain at 24 hours (p=0.00) while an insignificant association was found with age (p>0.05). Conclusion: To conclude, the trans-septal suturing technique applied in septoplasty causes minimal pain and complications like septal perforation and synechiae formation, and patients resume routine life activities shortly after the surgery. Keywords: Septoplasty, nasal packing, trans-septal sutures, nasal septal perforation

Comparison of Peri-tonsillar Injection of Tramadol with Adrenaline Vs Injection of Normal Saline (Placebo) Before Tonsillectomy in Reducing Per-operative Haemorrhage and Post-operative Pain

Introduction: Tonsillectomy is one of the most frequent surgical procedures performed in ENT. In the early postoperative period, pain and hemorrhage are considered to be the major cause of morbidity. Different methods of minimizing postoperative pain have been proposed including the use of oral analgesics, infiltration of local anesthetics, and analgesics like levobupivacaine, ketamine, and tramadol. To secure hemostasis during a tonsillectomy, several techniques including ligation, diathermy, and cauterization are used. To minimize these complications, preoperative preparation of the patient is mandatory. This study aimed to find out the efficacy of adrenaline and tramadol in controlling perioperative hemorrhage and postoperative pain respectively. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the ENT department of Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi for 6 months (21-11-2016 to 21-5-2017). The data was collected by operating surgeons. A total of 60 patients were included in the study with 1:1 randomization. Simple random sampling was used for the Selection of patients. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A was provided with the peri-tonsillar injection of tramadol with adrenaline while Group B was provided with normal saline injection (Placebo). Both groups were followed for 6 hours to measure mean pain scores and mean hemostasis time. After approval from the ethical review board, consent forms were distributed to patients. An Independent t-test was applied for the comparison of different variables. Results: Among all patients 60(100%), 25 (41%) males, and 35(59%) females. The mean age of patients was 12.2 years ± 4.49 SD. The mean time required for hemostasis was 4.9 minutes ± 1.92 SD. The mean pain scores were 1.3 (mild pain) ±1.12 SD. A statistically significant difference was found with time (p=0.01), mean pain (p=0.00), weight (p=0.00) and age (p=0.00) while insignificant with gender (p=0.06). Conclusion: Peri-tonsillar injection of tramadol with adrenaline during tonsillectomy leads to a significant reduction in per-operative hemorrhage and post-operative pain as compared to injection of normal saline

Comparison of the Postoperative Pain, Septal Perforation and Synechiae Formation following Septoplasty done with Trans Septal Suturing Verus Nasal Packing

Objective: To compare the efficacy of trans-septal suturing with nasal packing following septoplasty in patients with the deviated nasal septum, in terms of frequency of postoperative pain, septal perforation, and synechiae formation. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the ENT department of Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi. Patients were divided into two groups. The total sample size of the study was 280 patients with 1:1 randomization in each group (140 in each group). Consecutive non-probability sampling was used for the recruitment of patients. All the patients underwent a septoplasty. Group A was provided with nasal packing while group B was with trans septal suturing. The study duration was 1 year (21-11-2016 to 21-11-2017). All the patients were followed at 24 hours for measurement of postoperative pain and at 1 and 4 weeks for septal perforation and synechiae formation. Ethical approval was taken from the ethical review board and consent was taken from patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. The Chi-square test was applied for observing the association between different variables.Inclusion Criteria- Patients with deviated nasal septum.- Patients’ ages ranged from 17-35 years.- Patients of both genders were included.Exclusion Criteria- Patients with diabetes mellitus.- Patients with allergic rhinitis.- Patients with coagulopathies, pulmonary and cardiovascular disorders.- Patients taking warfarin, aspirin, or heparin. Results: Among all the patients 280 (100%), there were 123(43.9%) males and 157(56.1%) females. The study found that the mean age of patients was 25.3±11.9. In group A patients 140, 110 patients showed efficacy while 30 patients did not show efficacy during the study time period. Similarly, 124 patients showed efficacy in Group B while 16 patients did not show efficacy. A significant association was found in both groups regarding pain at 24 hours (p=0.00) while an insignificant association was found with age (p>0.05). Conclusion: To conclude, the trans-septal suturing technique applied in septoplasty causes minimal pain and complications like septal perforation and synechiae formation, and patients resume routine life activities shortly after the surgery. Keywords: Septoplasty, nasal packing, trans-septal sutures, nasal septal perforation

Impact of PUBG Game Addiction on Social Isolation and Narcissistic Tendencies among Gamers

The current research aimed to explore the relationship of PUBG game addiction with narcissistic tendencies and social isolation in gamers. For this correlation survey based research the data was conveniently collected from PUBG gamers (N= 101) age ranging from 13-30 years through online response method. The instruments included Online Game Addiction Scale (Kim, Namkoong, Ku, & Kim, 2008) Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Raskin & Hall, 1981) and Measures of Social Isolation (Zavaleta, Samuel, & Mills, 2017) for testing the hypothesis. According to the yielded results, an excellent reliability of these measures was established. The results also indicated that online game addiction, social isolation and narcissistic tendencies among PUBG game players are negatively correlated (<.05). It was concluded that online games do carry positive aspects of enhancing social skills and interactions among the players, while helping them exhibit behaviors and emotions that are not coherent with narcissistic tendencies. This paper also carries implications for families, friends, teachers and therapists of online gamers, who may use the findings to understand some of the positive aspects of playing online games

Efficacy of chemical and electrical cautery (Comparison) in management of Anterior Epistaxis

Objective: To compare the efficacy of chemical versus electrical cautery in the management of patients presenting with anterior epistaxis in terms of frequency of bleeding. Materials and Methods: Study Design = Randomized Control Trial (RCT) Study Setting = ENT Department Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi Duration = 6 months Sampling Technique = Consecutive (Non Probability) A Randomized Control Trial (RCT) of six months was done after the approval of the Ethical Committee. A total of 90 cases of anterior epistaxis were randomly divided into two groups: A (electrical cautery) and B (chemical cautery) using a random number trial with 45 in each group respectively. Informed consent was taken from all patients. Patients were explained about the procedure and its risk-benefit ratio. A detailed history was taken about epistaxis from patients presenting in an emergency. The site of bleeding was assessed. Pulse and blood pressure of patients were monitored. Patients were treated on an emergency basis. The nasal cavity was inspected with the help of a nasal speculum and suction of any blood clots was done. Bleeding points were identified and sprayed with lidocaine. The bleeding area was cauterized with a silver nitrate stick or electrical cautery for a few seconds. Antibiotic ointment was applied at the site of cautery to both groups. The patient was discharged on cessation of bleeding. A Performa was given to patients to fill 48 hours, 1 week, and 2 weeks after the procedure containing questions regarding relief of symptoms. Recurrent bleed was diagnosed on a history of separate bleed from nose post-procedure that was sudden in onset, with an identifiable bleeding point on inspection by speculum, total duration of all episodes in previous 24 hours less than 30 minutes. Results: A total of 90 cases (45 in each group) were taken. The mean age was calculated and found 34.42±8.70 in Group-A and 34.29+8.94 years for group B., The male patients were 32 (71.11%) in Group-A and 30 (66.67%) in Group-B while females were 13 (28.89%) in Group-A and 15 (33.33%) in Group-B, efficacy between chemical and electrical cautery in patients with reference to frequency of bleeding was 42 (93.33%) in Group-A and 35 (77.78%) in Group-B, the p value was calculated as 0.03 which shows a significant difference. <br>Conclusion: This study concluded that the efficacy of electrical cautery is significantly higher than chemical cautery in the management of epistaxis. However, some other trials on larger sample size are required to validate the findings of this study. &nbsp